Child labour as a Global Issue

FINAL PROJECT 

Child labour as a Global Issue 

    

ACKNOWLEGEMENT:

           I must express my sheer gratitude to Allah almighty, the One and only whose Divine Guidance and Omnipresence has been the greatest source of motivation for me and my team.

          We bow to Allah almighty in all humility and respect while presenting this report of computer application to a pharmaceutical company. No one writes alone, many times a number of students and different people have given advices often with firmness about different steps to eradicate the global issue covered in this report. We are grateful to all those people.

.           Foremost, my all team members thanks our parents and our honorable teachers for their dedicated and justifiable efforts which they made on us and through which we are here and this much capable of making this report.

            The project under your eyes is a combined and collective effort of my whole team, without whose valuable guidance and remarkable support this knowledgeable task would have not been put together or accomplished.                             

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

          Across the world children work in many different situations and for many different reasons. Not all work that children do is necessarily bad or harmful. Over 200 million children aged between 5 and 17 (i.e. around 1 in every 8 of the world’s children) have a very different experience for those child laborers, work impedes their education and is often harmful to their health and development. In its very worst forms child labour can be slavery, which includes children who are trafficked, in debt bondage or forced labour, or those forcibly recruited for used in armed conflicts, prostitutions, pornography, domestic work and illicit activities.

            Children work all over the world. Of the world 215 million child labour is estimated. 113 million children are in Asia-Pacific region (just over 50percent of the world’s total). This means one in the every eight of all Asia’s children is working. Sub-Saharan Africa has 65 million (30percent of world’s total). This means that one in every four of all children in Sub-Saharan Africa estimated to be working. Latin America and the Caribbean have 14 million working children. This means that one in every ten children in the region is working. All other regions (Middle East, North Africa, Europe and North America) have 13.4 million working children but this figure also includes children engaged in positive work that is not harmful to their development.

            Most of the main reasons of child labour are poverty, gender inequality, culture and traditions, unemployment of parents and increase in illiteracy. While doing child labour most of the children face problems such as sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, no access to schooling and most of the times they are not paid for their work.

            We can take several steps to eradicate child labour from our societies such as we shall increase our literacy level by making education compulsory for all, by fighting against poverty and by making strict laws for eradication of child labour.

CONTENTS:

1.     Identifying what basically child labour is……………... Pg. 1-2

·        Introduction

·        Definition

2.     Forms of child labour……………………………………Pg. 2-4

3.     Factors responsible of increasing Child labour issue………… Pg., 5-8

4.     Top 5 countries facing child labour issue…………………… Pg. 9-17

5.     How we can eradicate or overcome this global issue…………......Pg. 17-18

6.     Conclusion…………………………. Pg. 19

7.     References…………………………. Pg.20

Q. IDENTIFYING WHAT BASICALLY CHILD LABOUR IS?

Introduction:

                    Though restrictions exist in many nations on child labour but still many children do work. The International Labour Office reports that children work the longest hour and are the worst paid of all laborers’ force. They endure work conditions which include health hazards and their physical, mental or sexual abuse. These children are deprived of the simple joys of childhood and primary education.

                         Child labour is an evil problem throughout the globe, especially in the developing countries Africa and Asia together account for 90% of total child employment. Child labour is especially found in rural areas where the capacity to enforce minimum age and requirement for schooling are lacking.

                          Children work for variety of reasons though they are not paid well; they still serve as major contributors in the family income in developing countries. 215 million children are working as laborers all around the world. 115 million of them are working in hazardous forms of work.

                            Examples of worst forms of child labour work are all forms of slavery such as sale and trafficking of children, forcing in compulsory laboring, child prostitution, enforcement in illegal activities and working underground, at dangerous heights, with dangerous machineries, tools and equipments.they are also forced to do work which exposes children physically, sexually or mentally abuse.

 Definition:

                     Child labour basically refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, dignity, interferes with their ability to attend regular school and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.
                                                                        (OR) 

                      Child labour can be defined as the employment of a child in a business or industry especially in violation of state or federal statues prohibiting the employment of children under specified age ( of 15 years). 

 FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES:

                          There are different forms of child labour most of them are discussed below:

·         Domestic work:

The ILO estimates that there are 15.5 million child domestic workers across the world. Child domestic workers are under 18 years old  and are working in households other than their own, doing domestic clothes, caring children, tending the garden, taking care of animals, running errands and helping their employees run small businesses, among other tasks. Ninety percent of child domestic workers are girls. According to International Labour Organization ILO there are more girls under 16 years of age in domestic work as compared to any kind of child labour.

·         Retail or service:

Retail and services is the form of child labour, mostly children may face it when they are sixteen years old it includes working in restaurants, cafes, stores etc. where a child may be appointed as a trash compactor, a dish washer or a one lifting heavy weights etc. This may affect a child’s schooling, mental, moral, social and physical behavior.

·         Farming:

Agricultural work also present great dangers, especially where children have to work with dangerous tools and equipment or with chemical substances like pesticides and herbicides for different crops. Much of the time, the children have either no safety equipment or it is adult equipment, which does not fit properly and does not provide proper protection. Many times children have to bent or sit for a long period of time in wrong positions which may cause disfigurement, spinal injuries and difficulty in walking straightly.

·         Manufacturing:

Children who are doing child labour such as in different manufacturing companies may also face many difficult and dangerous situations such as one working in football manufacturing companies have to sew footballs by them-selves, children working in other manufacturing companies may have to work with different dangerous chemicals and substances such as they may expose to toxic substances such as mercury and lead which can develop chronic health conditions such as silicosis a respiratory disease in the lungs.

·         Above and underground mining:

This could be working in dangerous environment such as in mine, where children risk death and serious injuries from tunnel collapse, accidental explosions or rock falls. They also inhale toxic gases and dust around them while working in miles which also cause damage do their respiratory system. Such as in salt mines continuous physical efforts and exposure to salt is unhealthy for children. Salt is corrosive it may causes skin cracking of hands and discoloration of iris that can damage vision. Gold mining is extremely dangerous work for children. Yet still today ten thousand are found in the small scale gold mines of Africa, Asia and South America. Children work both above and underground.

·         Soldiering:

Soldiering is one of the worst forms of child laboring in which a child is forced into armed conflicts. 10,000 of girls and boys find themselves fighting adult wars in atleast 17 different regions around the world. Some are used as fighters and take direct part in hostilities while others are used in supportive roles e.g cooks, parters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes.

·         Child trafficking:

Child trafficking is the illegal trading (buying, selling and movement) of children for labour or sexual exploitation. Children are trafficked for many reasons including forced labour, prostitution and recruitment as child soldiers and beggars.

·         Hazardous work:

Hazardous work  is also one of the worst forms of child labour, it is the work which could harm children’s health or well-being and expose them to danger. It could be the work in a dangerous environment, such as in mine where children risk death or injury from tunnel collapses, accidental explosions or rock falls. In industry the children may be exposed to dangerous chemicals and substances, so burns and serious injury are common. They may also face difficult weather situations such as scorching hot sun, heavy rain etc. which may affect their health and they may suffer from high temperature, coughs, pneumonia or other dangerous illness.

·         Lifting heavy weights:

Carrying heavy weights for constructions material or to make gravel is hard and dangerous for children. But for many poor youngsters whose family are involved in this activity, there is no choice, family earning from carrying may be hardly sufficient to cover basic needs and money earned by children.

·         Forcement into illegal or illicit activities:

Children involved in illicit activities are often exposed to violence, which can severely affect their mental and physical development. In addition, they may not develop good social skills and are much more likely to suffer from depression, alcohol and drug addiction and identity difficulties and become

·         Slavery:

Slavery is when one child is owned and by and made to work for another person without having any say over what happens to them .Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are not allowed to leave or to refuse to work.

·         Street child labour and beggary:

Street children, runaway or children living in poverty are also used in organized beggary. Children are sometimes even intentionally disfigured to attract more money from passersby and they may be beaten if they don’t manage to collect enough money. This may affect these children’s physical, mental, moral and social behavior.

                   

      

 Causes of Child labour:

            Child labour persists even though laws and standards to eliminate it exist. Current causes of global child labor are poverty, limited access to education, repression of workers’ rights, and limited prohibitions on child labour. All the causes of child lab our are basically interconnected with each other such as:

1.      Poverty and unemployment:

Poor children and their families may rely upon child labour in order to improve their chances of attaining basic necessities. More than one-fourth of the world's people live in extreme poverty, according to 2005 United Nation. statistics. The intensified poverty in parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America causes many children there to become child laborers. Poverty create many problems such as child labour, prostitution, corruption, robbery, increased unemployment, poor living conditions, malnutrition etc.

             Poverty as main cause:

Child poverty refers to children who are born to poor parents. Child poverty differs from adult poverty because it has different reasons and effects, for example it robs a child of his/her childhood. It may affect or bear a long lasting or psychological make-up in their mind and the impact of poverty during childhood leaves permanent effects on children. Poverty influences children in many social ways, for instance that malnutrition can affect health and education which in turn may impact a child’s long term development. Usually due to increase in poverty unemployment have increased and in most of the poor families elders are jobless due to which children have to work and become a way of income for their families.

             Rena’s report:

 Rena (2009) shows that that poverty, unemployment and underdevelopment drive child labour. She found that the high rate of poverty amongst countries, including India, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea, Ethiopia, Uganda, Mozambique, Malawi, Sudan, and Chad increases the child labour. Therefore, child labour is widespread throughout Africa, and Asia.

2.      Illiteracy:

In 2006, approximately 75 million children were not in school, limiting future opportunities for the children and their communities. Illiteracy increase unemployment which results in increase in child labour, because when parents are uneducated they rarely get jobs due to which mostly there is no family income and for getting family income they force their children into child labour and their children are forced to do different works as domestic work, farming, manufacturing and illicit activities etc.

             Education as the main cause of child labour:

Lack of education or poor quality education is another factor that contribute to high incidence of child labour. Education is considered one of the main alternatives to abolish child labour. Practically family income affects children's education and poor parents cannot afford to pay for children however, children are compel to work and are less enrolled.

             Khan’s report:

 According to Khan (2007) children who lack education or drop out of their school, usually lack knowledge and are more vulnerable to exploitation. As a result they become uneducated or unskilled labour.

3.      Increase in population growth and family size:

Due to increase in illiteracy rate people are un educated and are unaware of dangers of population growth and large family size therefore mostly in rural areas people don’t do family planning and therefore face difficulties afterwards.

             Family size as a main cause of child labour:

Large poor households usually have more children involved in child labour than children from smaller households, which demonstrates family size have an effect on child labour. Parents oblige their children to work because they are not able to manage the demands of a large size family. There are also gender differences among household size. Not everyone and of all age in the family are working as child labour, which depends on the child’s age and gender, for example boys are more likely to attended to school than girls. Older siblings often contribute more to the family income. In (2006)it was found that in Nigeria, younger children, where are more likely to go to school than older children, where mostly boys attend schools than girls.

             Tauson’s report regarding culture affecting child labour:

 According to Tauson (2009) in rural culture; parents prefer their children to work because they consider it beneficial for them as they learn work skills, and assume that many families in Africa want their children to help in contributing towards family income.

4.      Existing laws and codes of conduct for child labour are often violated:

Even when laws or codes of conduct exist, they are often violated. For example, the manufacture and export of products often involves multiple layers of production and outsourcing, which can make it difficult to monitor who is performing labour at each step of the process. Extensive subcontracting can intentionally or unintentionally hide the use of child labour. For example in our carpet weaving companies in Nigeria there are a large number of children working.

             Laws and enforcement are often inadequate:

Child labor laws around the world are often not enforced or include exemptions that allow for child labor to persist in certain sectors, such as agriculture or domestic work. Even in countries where strong child labor laws exist, labor departments and labor inspection offices are often under-funded and under-staffed, or courts may fail to enforce the laws. Similarly, many state governments allocate few resources to enforcing child labor laws.

             National laws often include exemptions:

                        National laws often include exemptions such as:

                                                       I.            Nepal:

      In Nepal minimum age of 14 for most work, but plantations and brick kilns are exempt.

                                                    II.            Kenya:

       In Kenya they prohibit children under 16 from industrial work, but      exclude agriculture.

                                                 III.            Bangladesh:

        In Bangladesh they specify a minimum age for work, but sets no regulations on domestic work or agricultural work

5.      Globalization:

      Globalization is another cause of child labour. Globalization has positive and negative impacts, nevertheless; globalization might give developing countries the opportunity to increase their gross domestic production (GDP) per capita via new trade possibilities and ascend their foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. Globalization also has brought adverse impacts on child labour in developing countries. In recent years, many international companies moved their production abroad. These companies often indulge in hiring children as cheap labours as they are endurable, and carry out commands given by their employers even if they’re abused and exploited.

           Mishra’s report:

In 2012 Mishra claims that in India, globalization has obliged more children to work in hazardous occupations like brick kiln, motor garage, hotels, shops, transportations, manual loading work etc.

Top 6 countries all around the globe in which child labour issue have a great percentage:

               The table drawn below shows the different countries affected by this evil problem according to UNICEF:

S. No	Country Name	Percentage of child labour
1	Ethiopia	3,270,000 child workers
2	Somalia	2,544,081 child workers
3	Nigeria	15 million child workers
4	Pakistan	12 million child workers
5	India	14-16.4 million child workers

ETHOPIA:

          In Ethiopia approximately according to UNICEF 3,270,000 children are workers. Poverty and its related problems are some of the main cause of child labour. Ethiopia is chronic due to, population pressure, land degradation, unemployment and under employment among adults and school leavers (youth).

Trend of child labour in Ethiopia:

            According to 2001 survey report 90 percent of children were working to either supplement family income, 23.8 percent to improve it 66.0 percent.

Cause of Child labour in Ethiopia:

            Child labour in Ethiopia is mainly caused due to illiteracy, population growth, unemployment of parents and cultural values. Ethiopian culture encourages children to do work so that they can develop work skills. Children are considered as assets to generate more income in time of poverty. Other reasons may include poor education, overcrowding, inability to support schooling and family disintegrations due to divorce.

Consequences of Child labour in Ethiopia:

            Children are exposed to accidents and severe injuries at work. They should thus be protected to prevent social, economical and physical harm which persist to affect them during life time. Such injuries include:

·         General Child injuries such as cuts, burns, tiredness, dizziness and fractures.

·         Physical abuse that involves corporal punishments, emotional maltreatment such as blaming, dismissing, verbal attacks, rejections, humiliation and bad remarks.

·         Emotional neglect such as deprivation from family’s love and affection, resulting in loneliness and hopelessness.

·         Lack of schooling results in missing educational qualifications and higher skills thus pushing their lives in poverty.

·         Competition of children with adult workers leads to depressing wages and salaries

.

Forms of child labour found in Ethiopia;

            Forms of Child labour in Ethiopia are domestic work, agricultural work and other worst forms of child labour are also found in Ethiopia.

Steps taken to eradicate Child labour from Ethiopia:

            Some important steps shall be taken to eradicate this social issue Child labour from Ethiopia by making following decisions:

·         Education shall be made compulsory for all so that literacy rate may increase.

·         Ethiopians shall fight against poverty and remove it from their society.

·         Cultural and moral values in Ethiopia shall be enhanced to decrease Child labour.

·         Living standards shall be enhanced.

SOMALIA:

          Around 2,544,081 children are doing child labour in Somalia. It is believed that Somalia is the main destination or source for child trafficking. Children in Somalia work in agriculture, herd animals, sell water and cigarettes, wash cars and polish shoes. In Somalia children are also engage to beak rocks for gravel.

Trend of Child labour in Somalia:

            In 2011, the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2011, the Chief Defense Forces promulgated General Order No. 1. This Order prohibits the recruitment and use of child soldiers, and was distributed to the armed forces.

Causes of Child labour in Somalia:

            The main cause of increase of Child labour in Somalia is increase in population growth, increase in illiteracy rate and no law in check regarding Child labour. Other reasons such as poverty and bad quality education etc. Are also responsible for child labour in Somalia.

Consequences of Child labour in Somalia:

            Consequences of child labour in Somalia includes following points:

·         General injuries such as cuts, burns, fractures and other physical injuries.

·         Sexual abuse particularly sexual exploitation with girls by adults rape, prostitutions, early and un wanted pregnancies, abortions and sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS etc.

·         Somalian children get abused morally, emotionally and culturally.

·         They have lack of schooling, health, food , shelter and clothes etc.

Forms Child labour in Somalia:

            There are different forms of child labour found in Somalia such as the child workers are found in manufacturing, mining, domestic work and lifting heavy weights. Somalia is destiny of Child trafficking, a large number of children are trafficked from Somalia for illegal and immoral activities. They are also involved in armed conflicts.

Steps taken to eradicate Child labour from Somalia:

            Several steps shall be taken to eliminate child labour from Somalia:

·         Education should me made compulsory for all.

·         Law check for Child labour should be strict and regular.

·         Children shall be given equal rights.

·         Gender discrimination shall be eliminated.

·         Overcrowding and population growth shall be controlled.

NIGERIA:

      According to UNICEF approximately 15 million child workers are working across Nigeria. Many are exposed to long hours of work in dangerous and unhealthy environments, carrying too much responsibility for their age. Working in these hazardous conditions with little food, small pay, no education and no medical care establishes a cycle of child rights violations.

Trend of child labour in Nigeria:

      In 2006, the number of child workers was estimated at about 15 millions. The US Department of Labour in its 2010 report claims Nigeria is witnessing the worst forms of child labor, particularly in agriculture and domestic service. In rural areas, most children work in agriculture of products such as cassava, cocoa and tobacco.

Causes of Child labour in Nigeria:

      The main cause of child labour in Nigeria is poverty and illiteracy due to which people are uneducated and are un aware of the damages and harms of child labour. In Nigeria one of the causes of child labour is Gender discrimination; girls are not allowed to study as compared to boys and are mostly neglected by their parents and family. Other reasons may include overcrowding and population growth etc.

Consequences Of child labour in Nigeria:

      Consequences of child labour in Nigeria are that children have no time and energy to go to school therefore they face problem regarding their education, they spend their whole child hood in working and earning for their families they are far away from their family’s love and affection. These children get general injuries while doing work and are hurted and abused physically, mentally, psychologically and emotionally.

Forms of Child labour in Nigeria::

      There are many form of child labour in Nigeria:

Public places such as streets and markets

·         Street vendors (64%)

·         Beggars (13%)

·         Shoe shiners (4%)

·         Car washers/watchers (6%)

·         Scavengers (5%)

·         Feet washers (8%)

Semi-public settings such as cottage industries and mechanic workshops apprentice mechanic

·         Bus conductors (17%)

·         Iron / metal workers (6%)

·         Carpenters (14%), tailors / weavers (14%)

·         Hairdressers / barbers (18%)

·         Caterers (8%).

Private households

·         Domestic servants.

Agricultural plantation and quarries

·         Farm and quarry workers.

Other forms of child labour may be child trafficking in which children are forced into illegal activities which are immoral and dangerous.

Steps to eliminate Child labour Nigeria:

          The Nigerian Government has formally adopted three International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions setting a minimum age for the employment of children at sea, in industry and underground. In addition, the country signed a Memorandum of Understanding in August 2003 in cooperation with ILO to launch a country programme under the International Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).

            Other steps may be taken as by making education compulsory, eliminating gender discrimination, giving equal rights to children and by fighting against poverty the root cause of Child labour.

PAKISTAN:

            There are approximately 12 million child workers in Pakistan out of which 70 percent are not paid for their work

Trend of child labour in Pakistan

                  The Human Right Commission of Pakistan estimated in the 1990s, 11 million children were working in the country, half of which were under the age of ten. In 1996, the median age for a child entering the work force was seven, down from eight years old in 1994. It was estimated that one quarter of the country’s work force was made up of children. In a city of Pakistan, Hyderabad children enter work force at the age of 4 or 5 years old making bangles and bracelets. They make around 12 sets (per set containing 65 bangles) and only receive Rs.40 which takes around 2 to 3 days.

Causes of Child labour in Pakistan:

The International Labour Organization (ILO) suggests that poverty is the greatest single cause behind child labour.  As of 2008, 17.2% of the total population lives below the poverty line, which is the lowest figure in the history of Pakistan. Poverty levels in Pakistan appear to necessitate that children work in order to allow families to reach their target take‐home pay.

      According to research conducted by Akhtar, Fatima, & Sadaqt, a main cause of child labour in the fishing sector on the Balochistan coast was the low quality of education, lack of job prospects, and lack of progress in the region. It was found that in this particular province that there are high dropout rates and low literacy rates. The researchers believe that if policies focus on bettering education that it will help aid the effort of reducing the amount of child labour.

Consequences of Child labour in Pakistan:

      Child labour in Pakistan is the employment of children for work in Pakistan, which causes mental, physical, moral and social harm to children.

Forms of Child labour in Pakistan:

      There are various forms of child labour in Pakistan such as domestic work, industry work such as football stitching etc. Other form of child labours are manufacturing such as bangles manufacturing in Hyderabad, slavery and begging etc.

Children are engaged in the worst forms of child labour in Pakistan including bonded labour, primarily in dangerous forms of agriculture. Children also work in hazardous manufacturing activities in factories and are susceptible to industrial accidents.

Steps taken to eliminate Child labour from Pakistan:

      NGO’s such as UNICEF and Shaheen Welfare Trust are working in Pakistan to eradicate child labour. Other radial steps shall be taken to eradicate this issue includes making education compulsory for all, fighting against poverty, making strict laws for child labour issue so that it could be eliminated from our societies.

INDIA:

     According to latest government figures, India is home to between 14 and 16.4 million child workers. Mostly children are forced to work, Muslims Indians are having the great percentage of child labour India.

Trend of child labour in India:

      According to a 2005 Government of India NSSO (National Sample Survey Org.), child labour incidence rates in India is highest among Muslim Indians, about 40% higher than Hindu Indians.

      Recent numbers show that in proportion, child labor in India is declining (a little less than 5% of children). But when looking at absolute numbers, we see that more children than ever are faced with forced labour, which denies them the right to an education and a normal childhood.

Causes of child labour in India:

      One of the basic reasons of child labour is cultural and social customs of India. The caste system, the over population, uneducated an illiterate elders and poverty.

Consequences of child labour in India:

      Consequences of child labour in India are:

·         General injuries such as cuts, burns, infections, fractures and other physical disorders.

·         Sexual abuse such as child prostitution, rape and pornography.

·         Physical abuse such as verbal attacks, humiliation, scolding and hurting physically.

·         These children are lonely and hopeless because they are always neglected by their families and societies and therefore they involve in illegal activities

   

   Steps taken to eradicate child labour from India:

                        Some steps shall be taken to eradicate this issue from India by eliminating poverty, gender discrimination, sexual abuse and illiteracy so that we could overcome this evil factos, most importantly caste system shall be finished so that everyone can be treated equally with equal rights.

Steps taken to eradicate child labor

1 Education is a vital alternative to child labour Basic primary education is the foundation upon which productive and fulfilling lives can be built.

2 Therefore promoting access to good quality free schooling should be a key component of any child labour intervention.

3 Close coordination between government and the private sector and civil society at all levels is essential to preventing child labour and achieving holistic lasting protection for child laborers.

4 The protection offered by the law must be known and understood by all concerned and must be communicated to society at large in a manner that is comprehensible to all for example by posters and newspapers in local languages, by radio, at village meetings, through trade unions, NGOs and local community groups and access to legal protection and redress must be made affordable and as simple and understandable as possible.

5 Child forums, also known as children’s clubs or children’s ‘self-help groups,’ provide an opportunity for children to learn and reflect together on their rights and educational development through democratic participation.

6 Measures that build the economic security and resilience of households, reduce poverty, mitigate economic shocks and provide families with a social safety net, play a major role in ending child labour.

7 Birth registration also plays a critical role as a key prerequisite in preventing child labour by documenting children’s actual ages, and facilitates access to government services, including education.

8 The Community Change Model is a change process facilitated in communities through a series of steps to identify concerns, build consensus and develop responses using local resources. The model not only enables communities to explore the harmful consequences of child labour and other practices on children’ rights and wellbeing, but also leads community members to identify and support community networks that protect children.

9 The teachers have a central role to play in action against child labour scarcely needs

emphasizing. The importance of their role lies not only in providing children with basic skills and education.

10 They should foster in children the desire to learn and develop they can help children to know about their rights and motivate them to stay at school rather than be drawn into undesirable.

CONCLUSION:

          At the end I would like to conclude that child labour is the evil social issue all across our globe which we are facing the main causes of this evil issue are poverty, high illiteracy rate, over population, globalization and un-employment of the elders or parents. This social issue can be eliminated by fighting against all its causes but specially its root cause poverty